To understand off-roaders better, it’s helpful to educate oneself on the terminologies and functioning of suspension systems. We’ve broken down some key terms related to off-road vehicle suspension.
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1. Suspension Basics
Suspension refers to the system of springs, shock absorbers, and linkages that connect a vehicle to its wheels. This system is crucial for absorbing the impact from rough terrain and maintaining vehicle stability and control.
Key Components
- Springs: These support the vehicle’s weight and absorb bumps. They come in various types, including coil springs, leaf springs, and torsion bars.
- Shock Absorbers: Often just called shocks, these dampen the oscillation of the springs to provide a smoother ride.
- Linkages: These connect the suspension components to the vehicle’s frame and wheels.
2. Common Suspension Types
Understanding the types of suspension systems can help you choose the right one for your off-roading needs.
Solid Axle (Live Axle)
A solid axle is a robust, straightforward design where the wheels on either side are connected by a single solid bar. This setup is known for its durability and strength, making it popular among hardcore off-roaders. However, it can provide a rougher ride compared to other types.
Independent Suspension
Independent suspension means that each wheel on the same axle moves independently of the others. This system offers better handling and a smoother ride, as each wheel can react to bumps individually. Types of independent suspension include:
- Double Wishbone: Features two wishbone-shaped arms to control the motion of the wheel, providing excellent control and stability.
- MacPherson Strut: A simpler design that combines a shock absorber and a coil spring in one unit. It’s compact and commonly used in modern vehicles.
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3. Suspension Terminology
Articulation
Articulation refers to the ability of the suspension to flex and keep the tyres in contact with the ground over uneven terrain. Better articulation means more traction and stability.
Ground Clearance
Ground clearance is the distance between the lowest point of the vehicle and the ground. Higher ground clearance helps in avoiding obstacles and rough terrain damage.
Travel
Suspension travel is the distance that the suspension can compress and extend. More travel allows the vehicle to absorb larger bumps and drops, providing a smoother ride.
Damping
Damping involves controlling the speed at which the suspension compresses and rebounds. Proper damping is crucial for keeping control over rough terrain and preventing the vehicle from bouncing excessively.
Related: Tested and explained: Traction control, low range and diff-locks
4. Advanced Features
Locking Differentials
Locking differentials lock the wheels on an axle together, ensuring that both wheels receive equal power. This is crucial for maintaining traction in slippery or uneven conditions.
Sway Bars
Sway bars connect the left and right sides of the suspension to reduce body roll during cornering. Disconnecting them can improve articulation on rough trails.
Air Suspension
Air suspension systems use air springs instead of traditional metal springs, allowing for adjustable ride height and improved comfort.